Extra Credit: Four Feathers Quote Interpretations.

Quote #1: British General- "God has endowed the British race with a worldwide empire that they may execute His sovereign purpose in the world. The victories that you will have over the heathens are the victories of the nobler soul in man."
This quote is an excellent example of what the British called "The White Man's Burden". The British saw themselves as higher and more noble people. They also showed that it was their religious responsibility to "help" and save the "African savages" from their wrongful ways. In my opinion, their views on what their role as colonizers should be was not right. I think that because the Africans were different was not a reason that made them bad. I believe this was a way for the british to highten their country's people's self esteems. Truly this is showing what Britain was really after, and the greed as the motive which drove its people to conquer.

Quote #2: Harry- "I sometimes wonder what a godforsaken dessert in the middle of nowhere has to do with Her Majesty the queen."
Once Harry learns he is going off to war, the reality sets in and he comes to show his true colors as a coward. Harry starts questioning the purpose of colonization and the true motives behind British's desires for it. This begins to confuse him, making his mind go crazy, and then really he has a point. It causes to you think was it really the moral and just thing to go in and exploit the land and fight with the people? Harry's fear is what puts these thoughts into action. It makes him second guess when everyone else is preparing themselves and pumping up on the excitement of war. This fear is what causes him to resign from his role as a leader in the army. The idea of going to war spooked him enough to make him decide to leave his friends and let down his fiancee.

Quote 3: British Soldier- "Avoid drinking local water and spirits" "avoid local barrooms and brothels, and, above all, remember you're a Christan soldier."
This quotes flamboyantly displays that the varieties of land the British were going to were quite foreign and uncivilized. The people and way of living was very unknown and in the eyes of the British were strange and incorrect. The soldiers were looking forward to the drinking and partying aspect of war that they visioned that they were going to enjoy along with the fighting. They believed they were the high and mighty British and they were untouchable. They also were probably looking forward to exploiting the women which is why their Christan beliefs were mentioned.

Quote 4: Desert Trader- "They're like children. They have no concept of gratitude or loyalty. That's something you British don't understand. You come here, trying to civilize them with your Christan values."
This quote brings into perspective how the British and others viewed the indigenous people living in the colonized areas also called "savages". Yeah, they did a lot of things that would be strange and different to the majority of British and to most people today, but to them those were their ways of life and they were right. Dealing with these people was a constant struggle because many of them were reluctant to change. The British could not understand their language or customs most of the time. The British were easily angered by the Africans and found ways to manipulate or take advantage of them. Again, the British believed it was their burden and duty as the superior race, to show these people their wrongs and fix them. In my opinion, they were trying to fix what wasn't broken.

Quote 5: Abu Fatma- "You English walk too proudly on the Earth."
In this statement to Harry, Abu is basically saying that the English think they are this high and mighty power, but in reality it doesn't really work that way. He believed they needed to take some humble pie, step back and realize that maybe things are not going to work they way they planned and that everything doesn't just go their way. I believe Abu doesn't view Harry as a typical English man. Harry had always secretly questioned the motives of the colonization and the point of it, and I think Abu saw that. He liked Harry's attitude, and bravery, and loyalty to his friends. I'm not sure what Abu thought. Honestly, I kinda think he did believe in what the British were doing, because of how he tried to help them, even after being beaten by them, but did not believe in the way they were going about doing it. He was just a good man who wanted a just ending for everyone in my opinion.

Critical Thinking: I don't think the boy really understood what Jack was saying and in that position he was probably terrified and did not know what to do. I believe he wanted in the end though to make a statement and new he was going to die as he continued to load the gun to shoot at Jack. In self defense though, Jack shoots him first. As much as I hate to say it, I probably would have done the same thing. His whole time in the army he had been taught that these people were savages and really had no choice in shooting the boy, but his remorse for killing the boy shows that even Jack had begun to really question the motives of colonization and maybe even understand why Harry had left. I too would feel remorse about killing him. The boy didn't really deserve it, he was just trying to do something for his people and it is not really fair what the British did. Yes, the people probably threw rocks at the soldiers for killing the boy, but really it meant something bigger in their frustration and anger with the British for doing what they were doing and causing everything to fall apart.

Africa And

1. This was actually pretty historically accurate. 2 major reasons that it was was due to the fact that the more people a country had, the more territories it could colonize. Also, by chance, Britain did capture the United States, and Canada was taken by France. It turned out to be historically correct due to the fact that the size of the countries were proportional to their true sizes. Also, it was the same how you might get to a territory that was really far out, then turns out someone already colonized it.

2. France was a huge advantage because we were the 2nd largest country, so we could leave lots of people at a good territory, then send other people to go gain even more territories. However, we were not the largest group, so Britain could gain colonies faster than us.

3. Our group communicated mainly by cell phone, but also by talking to people if we saw they had our color on. I don't believe this was really similar to historical times, based on the fact that cell phones are from the 1990s ... The only similarity might be the runners which went to draw flags for our colonies, and to communicate a new colony to the "UN" i guess ? of Europe, aka Cafeteria.

4. If we saw other countries, we would try to beat them to a colony or would show French pride. SIf other colonies saw us trying to colonize, they would simply just go away and not even try to take it from us. So no, there were no conflicts.

5. I thought this was really cool and fun and really helped put imperialism into real life perspective, which really helped me understand it better. I know understand the reasons for larger countries being more powerful, rather than simply accepting the fact that bigger=more power=more colonies. I thought it was really interesting how it really represented the Age of Imperialism, as well, and that many countries actually did gain as many colonies as they historically did, and the same ones that they did.

6. For one, I think there should be activities that countries actually have to do to gain a colony, along with leaving however many people there for however long. Maybe also there could be more colonies ? Or maybe ... I don't even know, I thought it was really good and accurate, to be honest. I really think just having activities would make it more real, and it would allow other countries to come when a territory was in the process of being colonized, and could allow for "wars" where the countries go back and forth on who can offer the most for the colony.

Motives for British Imperialism

Motives for British Imperialism:

1. According to Halstead, why was Slavery in decline during the 1800’s? How did this effect British Imperialism?
   A: Slavery was in decline because Britain was attempting to end it after they realized with their type of economy having slaves was no longer beneficial. The British were attepmting to imperialize inorder to reduce the amount of slaver.
   

2. According to Halstead, what did not have an influence on Britain’s Imperialism? Why? Do you agree with this? A: The obligation to establish power was not a factor because Britain already was the most powerful country. Britain had a strong, robust navy and a very industrialized economy, making it a sturdy and powerful country. I believe that governments and countries desire more power. I think that it should stand as one of the factors that influenced imperialization of Britain.
   

3. How does Halstead’s belief differ from that of Richard Cobden and other’s economic reasons? A: Halstead says that Britain wanted to imperialize inorder to branch out to the less fortunate countries. He says it is an appendage of Britain's foreign policy while others lean towards the truth which they think its is used more for security(a.k.a. money).
   

4. What are Halstead’s final reasonings on motives for British Imperialism?
   A: British imperialism during the period of the "new imperialism" was motivated by
   several factors: national security, protecting free trade, protecting commercial routes,
   competition for markets and spheres of influence, settlement, colonization, diplomacy, andideology.

"White Man's Burden" By Rudyard Kipling

1. What does Kipling mean by "the White Man's burden?”

Kipling meant that "the White Man's Burden" is to Christianize the native people of the land that the colonies were to take over. He thinks that it's the White Man's destiny to rule all of the land and eventually turn one from savage person into a civilized person.

2. How does Kipling justify imperialism?

Rudyard Kipling justifies Imperialism by saying, in line 4, that it is "your captive's need" . In addition to that Kipling also says, in line nineteen, that they are going to "Fill full the mouth of Famine,". Rudyard makes Imperialism seem like a difficult task and that the White Man should be rewarded and praised for his hard work.

3. Why might such justification be so appealing?

This justification is appealing because at the time, Imperialism has become very rough and aggressive. This made all the cruelty from the settlers towards the natives in the colonies justified. It allowed the White Man basically, to feel that it was their right or that it was not wrong to treat these people wrongly.

4. Why was religion used as a justification over money, capitalism, the greater good and political strength?


Religion is used as a justification because they say that God intended the White Man to rule over all the natives. They also say that the natives are sinners and demons and the White Man will Christianize them and turn eventually grant them eternal life instead of being sentenced to damnation.

SAQ's- Unit 2

Section 1

Q) Why was England primed to start the Industrial Revolution?

England was prime to start the Industrial Revoultion because it had many qualities that would allow it to succed. England had natural resources, they may not have had a bunch, but they did have some of each. this was helpful because to industralize England needed coal, oil, steel, cotton, ect. Also England had to use what land and resources they had effiently. so they needed to make up new ways to do this. Another feature that England had was its many water ways. These helped beacuse the industries used the waterways and canals to transport goods out of england. also their many prots helped them to import goods...




Q)How did crop rotation help support the growing population?

Crop rotation supported the growing population because it increased the amount of food that was made in each season. In crop rotation the crops were moved from each patch to another after a few seasons so that the farmers would not have to wait for thier soil to be good to plant again. instead they were always planting something. they roated the crops from intesive soil to no intensive soil. this allowed the farmers to keep growing food. So because of farmers awlays putting out crops they were able to support a growing population.

Section 2


Q)How did working conditions change after the Factory Acts?

The working conditions in England changed only after the factory acts were passed. the factory acts made the conditions of the children and women better. THey said that no child under the age of 8 could work 12hrs or more. also they said that women and girls were not allowed to work in mines anymore because it would damage thier reproductive systems and damage thier organ needed to take care of the babies. this made the working conditions better rather than allowing children work for ridiculous amoutns of time and become deformed and die.




Why did socialism appeal to so many during the Industrial Revolution?

Socialism appealed to many during the Industrail Revolution because it had this thought that the lower class would take over the upper class because the lower class were the ones who worked. The people liked this idea expecially thoes in the proletariate class.

Section 3

Q)What effect did the Cotton Gin have on the slave population on the South?

The cotton gin effected the slaves in the south. This invention by Eli Whitney was a great help to the platation owners but a terrible thing for the slaves. This machine took out the seeds from the cotton which allowed production to go faster. so before this machine came out the slaves that picked the cotton had to keep up with the ones that took the seeds out, so it wasnt very hard for them to do this. But now they had to keep up with a machine that went very fast. so the farmers bought more slaves to pick the cotton to keep up with the cotton gin,but if thoes slaves couldnt keep up they would be punished. so the cotton gin increased the population of slaves but thier fate would be worse.


How did advancements in medicine lead to population growth?

Becasue of the advancement in medicine the population grew. This happened becasue there were more ways to keep the towns sanitized and prevent sickness. Louis Pasture figured out how to pasturize milk and get all of the germs out of it. Also he made the 1st vaccine. so becuase of these new devlopements less people were deing and therefore population growth.

Section 4

Q)How did the transportation industry change family structure and life?

The transportation industry change the structure of the family life because the families could now move father away. this was possible becuase transportation was more widespread and it was more convient for famlies to see eachother. also the families would become more nuclear beacuse it costed less to maintain and they took up less space.


Q)Why did living conditions in the cities improve during the era of Mass Society?

the living conditions improved during the era of mass society because the government wanted ot be on the people's sidde so that they would get thier vote. so they put restrictions on work as well as improving the conditions in which they worked.

Section 5
Q)What was the goal of the British Labor Party?

the goal of the British Labor Party was to redistribute the wealth. also their leader Keir Hardie wanted the British to have the rights of wokers increased and thier sole pupose was to benefit the public. they were a political party so that they were able to get these actions going.


Q)How did Laissez Faire economics spur the growth of Labor Unions?

Laissez Faire economics supred the growth of labor unions because it was the idea the the government should not interfere with the operation of the economy. this was wanted by the people who ran the factories because it allowed them to employ workers and have them work for ridiculously long hours and without the Labor Unions the workers wouldnt have gotten any benefits and work would be terrible. so because of Laissez Faire economics the people wanted more rights which out of this came Labor Unions.

Section 6

Q)How was Japanese society able to industrialize so rapidly?

The Japanese society industrailzed so rapidly becasue the were a homogeonous society. This meant that they had a society that spoke the same langueage and had the same culture. this meant that they were more together as a society. this helped because when the decided to become industarlized they all went for it and there wasnt much of a problem in changing.



Q)How was the industrialization of England, Japan & Russia different?

The industrailizations of all of Engladn, Japan, and RUssia are different because of the way they did it. In Japan it was done without force and all the people wanted to do it. In RUssia they wanted to do it but were forced into it by Stalin and it wasnt very pleasnt. And in England it was done with almost evryone's approval.

nd more often.

Industrial Revolution: Journal Entry

December 12th, 1882
Violet Hodges
Age: 9
Job: Seamstress

Dear Journal,

I am 9 years old now. My birthday was yesterday. I live with my mama, my papa, and my three siblings: Heather (13 yrs), Peter(2 yrs), and Rosemary(6 mths).

Today was going to be another tiring day as usual. I woke up at 4 am to go to work at the factory. My sister Heather and I walked there. We were running late. I didn't get to eat breakfast. I haven't in a very long time. Once I got to work I started to work on the dress that i had started yesterday. Someone was staring at me. It was the man in the uniform. He kept yelling at me because i was looking out the window. My sister whispered for me to quit it because we really need the money. Outside the window i saw some boys and girls, just like me, playing in the street. I felt emotions that i have never experienced before. I was angry and jealous of those kids. That man beat me with a stick for not working. My punishment was unfair. I didn't get my usual half hour lunch break. He made me work straight through it! My stomach growled. My hands and back ached. I wish i could go out in play like those other kids. But i bet they would stare at me. I have a hunched back and my arms aren't in proportion to my tiny body. I worked long and hard until Heather told me it was time to leave. We had been dismissed. Our shift was done. It's 6pm.
My days are so terribly long. I used to only work 10 hours a day. Since Thomas Edison invented the light bulb, I work 14 hours a day with only two short breaks: one for lunch and one for supper. Some days i have no breaks. Today I never got a break. My wage is only 20 cents a day, but most boys younger than me get 25 to 30 cents. I don't understand why. Mommy and Daddy say I have to work or we will be living on the streets.

Life is so unfair.

Love,
Violet




My five points:
1) Long work hours
2) Unfair wages
3) Deformities/Rickets
4) Edison's invention...how it allowed factories to stay open longer.
5) Nuclear Family.

Declaration of the Rights of Man

The Seventeen Articles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man:

1. Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good.

Translation: All men are born with the same freedom and rights, and that can only be changed when one does something against the greater good.

2. The aim of all political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression.

Translation: The goal of all political agreements is to maintain or protect the natural and inalienable rights of man.

3. The principle of all sovereignty resides essentially in the nation. No body nor individual may exercise any authority which does not proceed directly from the nation.
Translation: Basically it is saying that only authorized personel or government officials of the nation have a say in politics.

4. Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one else; hence the exercise of the natural rights of each man has no limits except those which assure to the other members of the society the enjoyment of the same rights. These limits can only be determined by law.

Translation: You have the freedom to do as you please, but once you harm someone else in anyway that freedom ends.

5. Law can only prohibit such actions as are hurtful to society. Nothing may be prevented which is not forbidden by law, and no one may be forced to do anything not provided for by law.
Translation: Basically it is saying if it is not forbidden by law, no one can stop you from doing it.

6. Law is the expression of the general will. Every citizen has a right to participate personally, or through his representative, in its foundation. It must be the same for all, whether it protects or punishes. All citizens, being equal in the eyes of the law, are equally eligible to all dignities and to all public positions and occupations, according to their abilities, and without distinction except that of their virtues and talents.
Translation: So in summary, Everyone under the law is equal, and the man is only limited by himself. A man's limitations are of his innate abilities or disabilities.

7. No person shall be accused, arrested, or imprisoned except in the cases and according to the forms prescribed by law. Any one soliciting, transmitting, executing, or causing to be executed, any arbitrary order, shall be punished. But any citizen summoned or arrested in virtue of the law shall submit without delay, as resistance constitutes an offense.
Translation: The law is the only thing that can justify if a man should be accused, arrested or put in jail. The citizens or the people must be aware of the consequences that will follow with breaking the law.

8. The law shall provide for such punishments only as are strictly and obviously necessary, and no one shall suffer punishment except it be legally inflicted in virtue of a law passed and promulgated before the commission of the offense.
Translation: The people can only be punished by the law.

9. As all persons are held innocent until they shall have been declared guilty, if arrest shall be deemed indispensable, all harshness not essential to the securing of the prisoner's person shall be severely repressed by law.
Translation: A man is innocent until proven guilty. The man will recieve treatment as if he is an innocent, unless he refuses to comply with the law.

10. No one shall be disquieted on account of his opinions, including his religious views, provided their manifestation does not disturb the public order established by law.
Translation: One is entitled or has the right to have his own opinions, religious views, as long as it does not disturb the people or go against the law.

11. The free communication of ideas and opinions is one of the most precious of the rights of man. Every citizen may, accordingly, speak, write, and print with freedom, but shall be responsible for such abuses of this freedom as shall be defined by law.
Translation: Just like the 1st amendment of the american bill of rights in the constitution, This is stating that one has the right or the freedom of speech and press, but only to a certain extent.

12. The security of the rights of man and of the citizen requires public military forces. These forces are, therefore, established for the good of all and not for the personal advantage of those to whom they shall be intrusted.
Translation: The military is subject to protect the nation and the people within it.

13. A common contribution is essential for the maintenance of the public forces and for the cost of administration. This should be equitably distributed among all the citizens in proportion to their means.
Translation: A tax or payment that is determined by the people or their representatives is essential to pay for the military and must be paid by everyone.

14. All the citizens have a right to decide, either personally or by their representatives, as to the necessity of the public contribution; to grant this freely; to know to what uses it is put; and to fix the proportion, the mode of assessment and of collection and the duration of the taxes.
Translation: The necessity for the tax, the amount, how it should be collected and what it should be used for is decided by the people or their representatives.

15. Society has the right to require of every public agent an account of his administration.
Translation: Every official must keep a record of his administration and must be given to one upon request.

16. A society in which the observance of the law is not assured, nor the separation of powers defined, has no constitution at all.
Translation: In order for a society to function, it requires the laws to be enforced, a separation in powers must be definitive, and a constitution must be written.

17. Since property is an inviolable and sacred right, no one shall be deprived thereof except where public necessity, legally determined, shall clearly demand it, and then only on condition that the owner shall have been previously and equitably indemnified.

Translation: One's right to own or have property is natural. It cannot be taken by anyone but the law. The law can only take it if it is of a public need and if the one is completely and previously informed about it.

My Comment:

This picture reminds me of the Ten Commandments of Christianity. In this illustration,

The Declaration of the Rights of Man is using the image of the two angels to represent the protectors to the document. This may cause a conflict between the certain religion that is reflected and the ones that others may believe in. The "All-seeing eye" in the pyramid at the top can be seen as God's eye guiding the people in the right direction and watching over the people of the nation. In this case, the document and the visual representations that surround it may be an intentional way to encourage Christianity with the creation of the declaration.